Riveted Connection

Connections

As Steel structure is an assembly of different steel members, they need to be connected to form a frame and to support and transfer the load to the foundation. 

Connections between different members of a steel framework not only facilitate the flow of forces and moments from one member to another but also allow the transfer of forces up to the foundation level.

There are 3 ways to connect these steel members:

1. Riveted Connections

2. Bolted Connections

3. Welded Connection

Riveted Connections

Riveting is a method of joining together pieces of metal by inserting ductile metal pins called rivets into holes of pieces to be connected and forming a head at the end of the rivet to prevent each metal piece from coming out.

Here are some formulas which  are used in the designing of riveted connections.

${{d}_{R}}=6.04\sqrt{t}$

${{P}_{s}}=n\times {{\tau }_{vf}}\frac{\pi }{4}{{d}^{2}}$ (Single Shear)

${{P}_{s}}=n\times 2\times {{\tau }_{vf}}\frac{\pi }{4}{{d}^{2}}$ (Double Shear)

${{P}_{t}}={{\sigma }_{at}}(p-d)t$

${{P}_{b}}=n\times {{\sigma }_{pf}}d\times t$

${{P}_{u}}={{\sigma }_{at}}d\times t$

${{d}_{R}}=$ Diameter of rivet by Unwin's formula
${{P}_{s}}=$ Shearing Strength of rivet
${{P}_{t}}=$ Strenth of plate per pitch length
${{P}_{b}}=$ Bearing Strength of Rivet
${{P}_{u}}=$ Strenth of soild plate per pitch length
$n=$ Number of rivet line
$p=$ Pitch
$d=$ diameter of hole
$t=$ thickness of the thinner plate

${{\tau }_{vf}}=$ Permissible Shearing strength of revit
${{\sigma }_{at}}=$ Permissible stress in plate in axial tension
${{\sigma }_{pf}}=$ Allowable Bearing Stress in rivet

Recommendations of IS 800:1984

Pitch

1. Minimum Pitch: $p>2.5{{d}_{R}}$
2. Maximum Pitch: $p< 16t$ or 200 mm (whichever is less) for tension members
$p< 12t$ or 200 mm (whichever is less) for compression members

In load is transfered through butting face in the compression members then, pitch shall not exceed 4.5 times the diameter of rivets for a distance from the abutting faces equal to 1.5 times the width of the member.

The gauge length shall not exceed (100mm + 4t) or 200 mm, whichever is less in compression or tensin members.

When rivets are staggered at equal intervals and the gauge does not exceed 75 mm, the distance specified in (2) maybe increased by 50 percent.

Edge and End Distance

1. $e> 1.7d$ (hand flamed out edges)
2. $e> 1.5d$ (machine flame cut, sawn and planed edges)
3. $e< 12t\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon =\sqrt{\frac{250}{{{f}_{y}}}}$
4. $e< 40mm + 4t$ (where members are exposed to corrosive environment)

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