A bolt is a metal pin with a head formed at one end and shank threaded at the other in order to receive a nut.
Design Strength of Bolt,
{{V}_{nsb}}= Nominal Shear Capacity of bolt
Subjected to the limits 0.75\le {{\beta }_{lj}}\le 1.0
Subjected to conditions, maximum value ={{\beta }_{{{l}_{j}}}} i.e. {{\beta }_{{{l}_{g}}}}<{{\beta }_{{{l}_{j}}}}
In no case {{l}_{g}} be greater than 8d
Thus Shear capacity of bolt
Bearing Capacity of Bolts
{{V}_{dpb}}= Design bearing strength
e= end distance
Types of bolts
1. Unfinished bolts
2. Finished bolts
3. High Strength Friction Grip (HSFG) bolt
Let's look at the important fomulas for designing a bolted connection based on IS 800:2007
Design Strength of Bolt,
{{V}_{dsb}}=\frac{{{V}_{nsb}}}{{{\gamma }_{mb}}}
{{V}_{nsb}}=\frac{{{f}_{ub}}}{\sqrt{3}}({{\eta }_{n}}{{A}_{nb}}+{{\eta }_{s}}{{A}_{sb}})
{{V}_{nsb}}= Nominal Shear Capacity of bolt
{{\gamma }_{mb}}= Partial factor of safety of materail bolt = 1.25
{{f}_{ub}}= Ultimate tensile strength of a bolt
{{\eta }_{n}}= Number of shear planes with threads intercepting the shear plane.
{{\eta }_{s}}= Number of shear planes without threads intervepting the shear plane.
{{A}_{sb}}= Nominal shank area of bolt =\frac{\pi {{d}^{2}}}{4}
{{A}_{nb}}= Net Shear area of the bolt at threads =0.78\times \frac{\pi {{d}^{2}}}{4}
d= Nominal diameter of Bolt
Reduction Factor for Shear Capacity of Bolts
1. Reduction Factor for long joints
If the distance between the first and last bolt in the joint measured in the direction of load exceed 15 d, the shear capacity {{V}_{db}} shall be reduced by the factor,
{{\beta }_{{{l}_{j}}}}=1.075-0.005\frac{{{l}_{j}}}{d}
Subjected to the limits 0.75\le {{\beta }_{lj}}\le 1.0
2. Reduction Factor if Grip Length is Large
If the total thickness of the connected plate exceeds 5 times the diameter d of the bolts, the shear capacity {{V}_{db}} shall be reduced by the factor,
{{\beta }_{{{l}_{g}}}}=\frac{8d}{3d+{{l}_{g}}}
Subjected to conditions, maximum value ={{\beta }_{{{l}_{j}}}} i.e. {{\beta }_{{{l}_{g}}}}<{{\beta }_{{{l}_{j}}}}
In no case {{l}_{g}} be greater than 8d