Compaction of soil is the process of Increasing the unit weight of soil by forcing the soil solids into a dense state and reducing the air voids.
It is done to improve strength, load carrying capacity and to reduce voids, settlement and to control undesirable volume changes.
To find the effort required to compact a soil mass to a desired density we perform protector/compaction test.
According to Protector there is a relationship between compactive effort and mositure content.
For a specfic amount of compaction energy applied on the soil, there is one moisture content termed as optium moisture content(OMC) at which a particular soil attains maximum dry density.
It is done to improve strength, load carrying capacity and to reduce voids, settlement and to control undesirable volume changes.
To find the effort required to compact a soil mass to a desired density we perform protector/compaction test.
According to Protector there is a relationship between compactive effort and mositure content.
For a specfic amount of compaction energy applied on the soil, there is one moisture content termed as optium moisture content(OMC) at which a particular soil attains maximum dry density.
Standard Protector Test
1. Weight of Hammer: 2.495 KG (W)
2. Height of Fall: 304.8 mm = 12inch (h)
3. Volume of mould: 944 cc (V)
4. Compacted in 3 (n) layers with 25 blows in each layer (N)Compacted energy (E) applied per unit Volume,
$E=\frac{NnWh}{V}$
Modified Protector Test
1. Weight of Hammer: 4.54 KG (W)
2. Height of Fall: 457.2 mm = 18inch (h)
3. Volume of mould: 944 cc (V)4. Compacted in 5 (n) layers with 25 blows in each layer (N)
Light Compaction Test (IS: 2720, Part-7)
1. Weight of Hammer: 2.6 KG (W)
2. Height of Fall: 310 mm (h)
3. Volume of mould: 1000 cc (V)4. Compacted in 3 (n) layers with 25 blows in each layer (N)
Heavy Compaction Test (IS: 2720, Part-8)
1. Weight of Hammer: 4.9 KG (W)
2. Height of Fall: 450 mm (h)
3. Volume of mould: 1000 cc (V)4. Compacted in 5 (n) layers with 25 blows in each layer (N)
Compaction Equipment
| Type of Equipment | Suitablity for soil type | Nature of Project |
| Rammers or Tampers | All Soils | Confined areas such as fills behind retaining wall |
| Smooth wheeled rollers | Crushed rocks, gravels, sands | Road Construction etc |
| Pneumatic tyred rollers | Sands, Gravels silts, clayey soil | Base, sub base and embankment compaction |
| sheepfoot rollers | Clayey soil | Core of Earth Dams |
| Vibratory Rollers | Sands | Embankments for oil storage tanks etc |
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